T-Cell Dysfunction And Immune Optimization: Insights IntoPreeclampsia. A Scoping Review

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication marked by high blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction, affecting approximately 2–8% of pregnancies globally. Despite extensive research, the immunopathogenesis of preeclampsia remains unclear. Recent studies suggest that immune dysfunction underlying Immune Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (IMIDs) share common epidemiological links and disrupted immune-inflammatory pathways. Lifestyle factors that adversely affect immune health can initiate and worsen T-cell immune dysfunctions. Implementing immune optimization strategies, such as a balanced diet, adequate sleep, and moderate intensity exercise, may be effective adjunctive therapies to prevent and alleviate immune dysfunction. In this review, we searched databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Biomed Central, and SciELO online, using keywords related to immune optimization, T lymphocyte dysfunction, cytokines, preeclampsia, and systemic inflammation. This scoping review presents a proposed model of T-cell immune dysfunction in preeclampsia and explores the potential of multi-omic studies to validate this model. While it paves the way for new therapeutic approaches that address immune dysfunction, it does not cover the diagnostic and monitoring roles of multi-omic studies for preeclampsia.