High Hemolytic Markers in G6PD-Deficient Compared to G6PD-Normal Male Leprosy Patients

Abstract

Introduction:Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (Gd−) is the most common enzymopathy, which is inherited as an X-linked recessive disorder. Individuals withGd−are prone to hemolysis upon exposure to oxidant stress. Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease caused byMycobacterium leprae. Both leprosy andGd−are common in Nigeria, and treatment of leprosy with dapsone can precipitate hemolysis in Gd−.Aims:The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence ofGd−, and compare the hematological and biochemical indices ofGd−with G6PD-replete (Gd+) male leprosy patients in Kano, Nigeria.Settings and Design:This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 198 male participants with leprosy were recruited at the Yadakunya leprosarium in Kano, Nigeria.Materials and Methods:Relevant data were obtained through questionnaires and case notes review. Venous blood was collected for analysis.Statistical Analysis:Unpaired t test and Chi square test were used for comparison of variables.Results:The prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 9% in male leprosy patients. Mean Hb ofGd−(10.56 ± 2.82 g/dl) was lower thanGd+(12.9 ± 2.31 g/dl),Pvalue < 0.001. Platelet (293.52 × ±3.19 × 109/l vs. 176.31 ± 2.83 × 109/l;Pvalue < 0.001), reticulocytes (4.49 ± 2.72% vs. 2.01 ± 1.07%,Pvalue < 0.001), bilirubin [1.04 ± 0.22 mg/dl vs. 0.46 ± 0.27 mg/dl;Pvalue < 0.001], and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [269.82 ± 58.54 mg/dl vs. 130.26 ± 51.83 mg/dl;Pvalue <0.001] were higher inGd−thanGd+.Conclusion:Lower Hb and higher hemolytic markers inGd−indicate ongoing hemolysis, which can be precipitated by dapsone.